Slave narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Slave narrative - Essay Example As narrated by Black himself in his book â€Å"The life and sufferings of Leonard Black, a fugitive from slavery†, the white masters used to have a cold savage behavior with their slaves. He lead twenty years of slavery as to be at the will of another; to be owned like a pet and liable at any moment to be sold to another master offering higher amount or sale! (Black, 1847, p. 1). There were times when he was sold and transported to a distant part of the country leaving behind all the family members behind, mostly as slaves like himself. The masters used to deal with him in most inhumane manner, making him realize that he can eat, sleep, work, live, go etc. only at the will of their masters. They gave him no right to speak on his own; think or even feel like a free man. The bars of slavery were doomed in his mind and soul by the masters so deep that he mostly ended up in physical and mental pains and tortures. His sufferings started in his early age. He was whipped and beaten for not completing the tasks till he bled by the deeply cut head. He was provided no shoes and wore a Lindsey. The masters used to eat meat themselves but for his meals, there were only a pint of liquor, little piece of bread and skin off pork. The masters used to drink in front of him, but he was not allowed to even take a sip of that rum. He was not allowed to sit and eat with them, read books like the children of white men and sleep in cozy warm rooms in winter like they did. If he ever tried to warm himself in house, one of his cruel masters branded his legs with heated tongs resulting in scars on his feeble body. They treated him savagely ignoring the consequences of their cruelty and beatings. If he ever showed a sign of having urge to learn and read by owning a book, it was either put in fore or given to the master’s child, but not to him and well beaten till he knocks that idea of studying out of his mi nd (Black, 1847, p. 1). Despite of all these awful happenings, he was not allowed to run away or tell any official of his misfortunes and sufferings otherwise he would be caught up and beaten to death. Such evil attitudes by the masters made Leonardo, like all slaves, a poor pitiable boy who has no parents to look after and no place to be taken as a refuge. If any one of them ever tried to run away then nobody ever lend a hand to help, rather they were usually followed, fetched and caught ending up behind the bars or back to the cruel master. Answer 2 The only way to resist the enslavement, as done by Black was to run away and flee from that slavery life. Many of the slaves either end up in robbery or killing when they are subjected to endless pain and torture. But Leonardo Black has fear of God and believed in escaping on his own without indulging in other tactics or troubles. But it was not an easy task. He ran away hiding from the whites. He could not even trust any trespasser fo r he knew he must be â€Å"wanted† and fetched by his master and others. He stopped at several intervals, sometimes asking for food from a home or sleeping in a barn at someone’s place but never stopped at any of them for long, because he had a constant fear of being fetched at every instant. He whipped and fought with whoever came in his way or tried to catch him up. He kept seeking God’s help in every moment and never losing faith in Him. He was followed by hounds but luckily took

Leadership and Management in Nursing Care Delivery Models

Leadership and Management in Nursing Care Delivery Models A care delivery model is an integral component for delivering patient care. Nursing care delivery model is a way of organizing at the unit level to facilitate the delivery of nursing care to the patients (Tiedeman Lookinland, 2004). Organization of care is a key factor that determines quality of nursing care (Tiedeman Lookinland, 2004). Various types of care delivery models have been designed to meet the goals of efficient and effective nursing care While many different care delivery models are practiced in the wards and departments of the acute care hospital that I work in, it is beyond the scope of this paper to discuss them all. In the 20 bedded medical oncology ward that I work in, nursing care delivery is organised into team and primary nursing. Six beds are allocated to transplant patients. One registered nurse is assigned to be the primary nurse of three transplant patients each. The other fourteen patients are split between two teams of nurses. Each team has a registered nurse, an enrolled nurse and a patient care assistant. Thus, this paper is concerned with these two modes of organization of care. An overview of primary and team nursing models of care will be presented. Thereafter, the experiences of nurses involved in the delivery of care using these models of care will be discussed with regards to job satisfaction and quality of care. Description of Care Delivery Model Primary Team Emerging in the United States in the1960s, the primary nursing model involves patients being allocated to individual nurses (Tiedman Lookinland, 2004). One registered nurse is allocated a number of patients for whose care this nurse is accountable during the patients hospital stay (OConnell, Duke, Bennett, Crawford, Korfiatis, 2006; Tiedman Lookinland, 2004).The nurse-patient relationship is the backbone of primary nursing. The primary nurse collaborates with other health team members, the patient and family to continually assess, plan, implement, and evaluate the patients nursing care (Reed, 1988; Sellick, Russell, Beckmann, 2003; Tiedman Lookinland, 2004). When the primary nurse is unavailable to provide care, associate nurses follow the plan of care developed by the primary nurse, unless a change in patients condition necessitates a modification of the care plan, so as to maintain the continuity of care for the patients (Tiedman Lookinland, 2004). Team Nursing Implemented in the 1940s as a response to the nursing shortage resulting from the World War II, team nursing is based on the premise of collaboration and division of responsibilities for the nursing care of patients (Tiedman Lookinland, 2004). In team nursing, nurses and ancillary staff with different levels of education, skills and licensure are assigned to teams and each team provides total nursing care to the patients assigned to that team (OConnell et at., 2006; Tiedman Lookinland, 2004). Leadership for each team is provided by a team leader, who is an experienced registered nurse responsible for planning and supervising the provision of nursing care for patients cared for by team members. The team leader has overall accountability for coordinating the nursing care provided, while the team members are accountable for completing their assigned tasks and for documenting the care delivered (OConnell et at., 2006). Nursing Staff Job Satisfaction Primary Team One of the most important gains of primary nursing for the nurses interviewed was more contact and enhanced relationships with patients. One nurse said, I know more about each of my patients and do not constantly have to get to know new ones. These views are consistent with Mccleod and Stellas (1992) study where nursing staff on medical and surgical wards were asked what they liked about primary nursing. Participants liked the enhanced relationships and collaboration with patients and other members of the healthcare team. To be able to take care of the same patients day after day was greatly appreciated by the nurses interviewed. This continuity of care led to the development of good relationships between the primary nurse and the patient as well as with relatives. This is an aspect that the nurses found increased their levels of job satisfaction (McCleod Stella, 1992). Primary nursing facilitated an in-depth knowledge of their patients and as a consequence, the nurses felt more able to act as a patients advocate. Nurses verbalised they had additional responsibility and accountability as all duties and responsibilities in taking care of a patient for his or her duration of stay is delegated entirely on a single nurse. The primary nurses interviewed perceived that they had the authority to make clinical judgments and decisions for the benefit of the patient. Their use of phrases such as freedom from control by others, ability to plan and organize the workday, using knowledge to make decisions and advocating for the patient described autonomy. Autonomy refers to the ability to act according to ones knowledge and judgment, providing nursing care within the full scope of practice as defined by existing professional, regulatory, and organizational rules (Gagnon, Bakker, Montgomery, Palkovits, 2010). The nurses noted that through practicing primary nursi ng, their autonomy was increased. There is a substantial body of evidence indicating that nurses perceived autonomy is linked to job satisfaction. A study by Melchior, Halfens, Abu-Saad, Philipsen, van den Berg Grassman (1999) investigated the effects of a primary nursing care delivery system on the work environment among nurses working in long-stay psychiatric care settings. Results showed that as a result of primary nursing, the nurses found more autonomy in their work and thus experienced increased job satisfaction. Similarly, Macguire and Botting (1990) analysed the perceptions of nursing staff, following the introduction of primary nursing into an acute medical ward for elderly people. Nurses reported better communication, improved relationships and increased responsibility after implementing primary nursing. It appeared that both increased autonomy of practice and increased knowledge of specific patients, coupled with a greater continuity of care, gave nurses a high level of satisfaction than did previous meth ods of care delivery (Macguire Botting, 1990). On the downside, some nurses commented that working in a primary care system tends to be isolating and this proved to be particularly difficult when they were looking after a critically ill patient. These experiences mirrored those reported by nurses in the study by Manley, Hamill, and Hanlon (1997). Team Nursing Nurses practicing team nursing commented that working as a team was a lot better, because then they can have somebody else backing them up. According to OConnell et at. (2006), working collaboratively with team members serves to enhance job satisfaction, as many find this to be a learning experience that utilizes the expertise of each team member. This was supported by Rafferty, Ball, and Aiken (2001) who demonstrated that nurses who report a higher level of teamwork are more satisfied with their jobs, plan to stay in them, and are likely to experience less stress. However, enrolled nurses and the patient care assistants interviewed added that they felt the staff nurses were spending too much time with medications and writing reports while they were left to do the heavy manual work. A similar finding was demonstrated by OConnell et al. (2006). In this study, both registered nurses and enrolled nurses felt that the team-nursing model sometimes involved an uneven and unfair division of tasks that overburdened some nurses. The medication responsibilities of registered nurses within the team-nursing model imposed excessive demands on enrolled nurses as they were left with meeting the hygiene needs for the patients in their group without assistance. These tensions led to a decrease in job satisfaction. Quality of Care Primary Team The nurses interviewed felt patients were more satisfied when primary nursing was in place because they received individualized care as a result of continuity and coordination of care. Primary nursing has led to the nurses having a better knowledge of the patient. Nurses pointed out that primary nursing enabled them to know each patient more closely. One nurse remarked, I know my patients like the back of my hand. Therefore, it was easier to find out what each patient needed and to meet those needs appropriately. Jenny and Logan (1992) suggest that greater knowledge of the patient is linked to the increased likelihood of picking up subtle changes in the patients condition. In addition, Perala and Hentinen (1989) found that through primary nursing, doctors received information about patients that was more exact and relevant because nurses knew their patients better. This enabled nurses to provide more applicable and effective patient centred nursing care. In response to this therapeut ic relationship, the patient feels more secure about and satisfied with nursing care (Jenny Logan, 2000). The nurses views were supported by the findings of Radwin (2000). In this study conducted over a 3-year period, oncology patients were asked to identify qualities of nursing care that were important to them. Professional knowledge, joint decision making between the patient and the nurse, individualized treatment plans, promptness to addressing individualized needs and continuity of care were some aspects of care delivery that were identified. Team Nursing Nurses interviewed said that since staff was supervised more closely, the likelihood of missing things out was low. This, they felt, resulted in patients receiving better care. This sentiment was echoed by the nurses in OConnell et al.s (2006) study. Moreover, nurses added that the patients benefitted from the combined skills of the team. According to the study by Cioffi and Ferguson (2009), team nursing made a difference to patient care as it was patient-oriented, all the nurses in the team were familiar with the patients receiving care, care was more complete as things were missed less often and staffs were supervised more closely. This resulted in patients receiving better care. In conclusion, providing care to a group of patients require nurses to be more efficient and use their time more effectively. Nursing care delivery models facilitate this. This paper has provided an overview of primary and team nursing care delivery models. The experiences of nurses were discussed with regards to job satisfaction and quality of care in the two models. Literature supporting the nurses experiences was then explored.

The Unforgettable Man :: essays research papers

The Unforgettable Man Being an orderly at Scottsdale Memorial Hospital was a fun job that required a strong heart. The hospital was a great place for me to experience the beauty of life and the unwanted death of humans. Throughout my year of employment at the Community Hospital, I was able to enjoy my work by interacting with many kinds of interesting patients. Without the hospital, I would have never imagined to be carrying on conversations with most of these people. Aiding curses required many long exhilarating hours of work each day, but I loved experiencing the daily recovery of patients, in which I was able to be some part. The night of August sixth became a different story. Just as my shift was coming to a normal close, a nurse's call light from one of the patient's rooms had illuminated. On one of my many repetitive walks down from the station to a patient's room, I had nothing else on my mind except for my evening plans with friends. I was extremely happy that this would surely be the last call light I would be answering that shift. As I entered the room, a crying relative came yelling at me. "He is going, something happened, do something, do something now!", demanded the distressed lady standing right at the bed side. I had seen this man before, although I had never spoken to him. I had know idea that he was not in a stable health. "All right, all right," I replied in frustration, not knowing exactly what to do first. I looked at the 84 year old overweight male patient. He appeared very pale with his brown colored eyes half shut looking desperately at me for some sort of help. My mind was becoming blank, as I could not believe what I was about to experience. In training we were told this could happen from time, to time, but I never thought with me. We were also told how to deal with the death of a patient, although I never thought I would be a part in this type of situation. Regardless, I could not think straight. I could not move as I started to panic. I looked around before I noticed that I was the only help available. I became scared. I then all at once, ran out of the room, screaming for help to any one that would be able to hear me, "Code Blue, Code Blue, room 219 now!" Running back into the room, I stepped behind the bed and pulled the call light on again.

Information Systems Technology Essay

Computer engineers are responsible for analyzing, designing and building software applications in an IT firm concerned with developing application software’s for various businesses. Once the primary analysis is done by the system analyst the coding phase is prepared by the software engineers where they have enough programming experience to bring the design model into a running system. They are responsible to get the logical design in paper to implement into a physical working system. They use their programming ability to design the business modules. They are usually concerned with the development of the system and taking care of the user interfaces, business rules implementation and the design methodologies which are required by any business employing information systems. They are also responsible for selecting the right programming tool for designing the user interface and enveloping the functionalities of the concerned tool in framing the business policies. Role of software tester: Software testers work in collaboration with the software engineers to eliminate the bugs in the software. They are primarily concerned with testing the software for checking the software for fulfilling the requirements and checking whether the software runs successfully with the requirements fulfilled. This is mainly concerned with validation and verification of the software. They prepare test cases to test the software for boundary checks, limit checks, data type checks, calculations of business processes and many others. They create and maintain reports to keep track of the systems reports and account of the defects which are found in the process. The classification of the defects is the next step. The defects are either corrected by the software tester or are forwarded to the software engineers to be corrected and submit again for errors. They are usually concerned with elimination of anomalies which are quite a hindrance in the business environment and pose a great threat to data and security. References /Bibliography See: http://getaccess. westone. wa. gov. au/careers/ profiles/data/OCC247. asp See: http://www. bls. gov/oco/ocos267. htm

Working

Do you believe your drug use and alcohol use affects your singing agenda? . Do you feel another reaction or approach could be used In reacting to rules you do to like? Case Workbook (From Corcoran, J. & Walsh, J. (2009). Mental health In social work (Appendix). Part 1, Multi-Axial Diagnosis: Given the case Information and your responses to the questions after the case, prepare the following: a multi-axial diagnosis, the rationale for the diagnosis and GAFF score, and additional Information you would have wanted to know In order to make a more accurate diagnosis.Multi-Axial Diagnosis AXIS I: 318. 82 Conduct disorder/childhood-onset type, severe 309. 0 Adjustment disorder 305. 60 Cocaine Abuse AXIS II: WI . 09 NO Diagnosis 1. Acting out 2. Dental 3. Rationalization Axis Ill: hypothyroidism, takes a thyroid hormone medication, labyrinthine, used paper clips on carving into herself this got her into a psychiatric hospital. Denies suicide, went home got in fight with her mother and drank kit cleaner Axis IV: Axis V: Multiple arrests for running away.Educational deficits due to truancy Non flexible discipline by Step Father Adjustment issues and conflict with stepfather Processing information of biological Father molesting sister Processing Mothers Illness with Cancer Expulsion from home Few positive friends GAFF=40 (Past 6 Months) Rationale and Differential Diagnosis Maladaptive espouse to a psychosocial stresses, Part of a pattern or antisocial behavior Additional Information Needed Shows little remorse for actions and effects on her family and herself Part II, Biophysically Risk and Resilience Assessment: Formulate a risk and resilience assessment, for the onset of the disorder and the course of the disorder.Biological raised by ineffective, and sometimes abusive parents, parents with substance abuse issues A stable an balance household Communication in the household Psychological lack of guilt or empathy, emotional expression owe harm avoidance, preference for no vel and dangerous activities high rate of family problems and lack of emotional regulation Communication in the household, other than yelling and control issues Social Unemployment in the family poor environment intense emotional conflict unstable interpersonal relationships Sexual abuse within the family deviant peer relationships Healthy peer set Participation in organization events that promote better peers.TABLE 2 Biophysically Risk and Resilience Assessment for the Course of the Influence from a parent suffering drug abuse Low parent issues in the household Parents getting counseling and training in their issues Continued use of drugs and alcohol Participation in illicit sexual acts And participation in Drug abuse counseling Continuous exposure to bad atmosphere In detention facility Placement in positive group treatment facility with children positively progressing with treatment Join in activities What techniques would you use to elicit additional strengths in this client? Ge t the client involved in singing activities and people in the field Challenge the client with questions of where would you like to be, what can we do to get there. 0 2008. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Overview of the 27th Amendment

Overview of the 27th Amendment Taking nearly 203 years and the efforts of a college student to finally win ratification, the 27th Amendment has one of the strangest histories of any amendment ever made to the U.S. Constitution. The 27th Amendment requires that any increases or decreases in the base salary paid to members of Congress may not take effect until the next term of office for the U.S. representatives begins. This means that another congressional general election must have been held before the pay raise or cut can take effect. The intent of the Amendment is to prevent Congress from granting itself immediate pay raises. The complete text of the 27th Amendment states: â€Å"No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of representatives shall have intervened.† Note that members of Congress are also legally eligible to receive the same annual cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) raise given to other federal employees. The 27th Amendment does not apply to these adjustments. The COLA raises take effect automatically on January 1 of each year unless Congress, through the passage of a joint resolution, votes to decline them - as it has done since 2009. While the 27th Amendment is the Constitution’s most recently adopted amendment, it is also one of the first ones proposed. History of the 27th Amendment As it is today, congressional pay was a hotly debated topic in 1787 during the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Benjamin Franklin opposed paying congress members any salary at all. Doing so, Franklin argued, would result in representatives seeking office only to further their â€Å"selfish pursuits.† However, a majority of delegates disagreed; pointing out that Franklin’s payless plan would result in a Congress made up only of wealthy people who could afford holding federal offices. Still, Franklin’s comments moved the delegates to look for a way to make sure people did not seek public office simply as a way to fatten their wallets.   The delegates recalled their hatred for a feature of the English government called â€Å"placemen.† Placemen were seated members of Parliament who were appointed by the King to simultaneously serve in highly-paid administrative offices similar to presidential cabinet secretaries simply to buy their favorable votes in Parliament. To prevent placemen in America, the Framers included the Incompatibility Clause of Article I, Section 6 of the Constitution. Called the â€Å"Cornerstone of the Constitution† by the Framers, the Incompatibility Clause states that â€Å"no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.† Fine, but to the question of how much members of Congress would be paid, the Constitution states only that their salaries should be as â€Å"ascertained by Law† - meaning Congress would set its own pay. To most of the American people and especially to James Madison, that sounded like a bad idea. Enter the Bill of Rights In 1789, Madison, largely to address the concerns of the Anti-Federalists, proposed the 12 - rather than 10 - amendments that would become the Bill of Rights when ratified in 1791. One of the two amendments not successfully ratified at the time would eventually become the 27th Amendment. While Madison did not want Congress to have the power to give itself raises, he also felt that giving the president a unilateral power to set congressional salaries would give the executive branch too much control over the legislative branch to be in the spirit of the system of â€Å"separation of powers† embodied throughout the Constitution.   Instead, Madison suggested that the proposed amendment require that a congressional election had to take place before any pay increase could take effect. That way, he argued, if the people felt the raise was too large, they could vote â€Å"the rascals† out of office when they ran for re-election. The Epic Ratification of the 27th Amendment On September 25, 1789, what would much later become the 27th Amendment was listed as the second of 12 amendments sent to the states for ratification. Fifteen months later, when 10 of the 12 amendments had been ratified to become the Bill of Rights, the future 27th Amendment was not among them. By the time the Bill of Rights was ratified in 1791, only six states had ratified the congressional pay amendment. However, when the First Congress passed the Amendment in 1789, lawmakers had not specified a time limit within which the Amendment had to be ratified by the states. By 1979 - 188 years later - only 10 of the 38 states required had ratified the 27th Amendment. Student to the Rescue Just as the 27th Amendment appeared destined to become little more than a footnote in history books, along came Gregory Watson, a sophomore student at the University of Texas in Austin. In 1982, Watson was assigned to write an essay on government processes. Taking an interest in constitutional amendments that had not been ratified; he wrote his essay on the congressional pay amendment. Watson argued that since Congress had not set a time limit in 1789, it not only could but should be ratified now. Unfortunately for Watson, but fortunately for the 27th Amendment, he was given a C on his paper. After his appeals to get the grade raised were rejected, Watson decided to take his appeal to the American people in a big way. Interviewed by NPR in 2017 Watson stated, â€Å"I thought right then and there, ‘I’m going to get that thing ratified.’† Watson started by sending letters to state and federal legislators, most of who just filed away. The one exception was U.S. Senator William Cohen who convinced his home state of Maine to ratify the amendment in 1983. Driven largely by the public’s dissatisfaction with the performance of Congress compared to its rapidly-rising salaries and benefits during the 1980s, the 27th Amendment ratification movement grew from a trickle to a flood. During 1985 alone, five more states ratified it, and when Michigan approved it on May 7, 1992, the required 38 states had followed suit. The 27th Amendment was officially certified as an article of the U.S. Constitution on May 20, 1992 - a staggering 202 years, 7 months, and 10 days after the First Congress had proposed it. Effects and Legacy of the 27th Amendment The long-belated ratification of an amendment preventing Congress from voting itself an immediate pay raise shocked members of Congress and baffled legal scholars who questioned whether a proposal written by James Madison could still become part of the Constitution nearly 203 years later. Over the years since its final ratification, the practical effect of the 27th Amendment has been minimal. Congress has voted to reject its annual automatic cost-of-living raise since 2009 and members know that proposing a general pay raise would be politically damaging.   In that sense alone, the 27th Amendment represents an important gauge of the people’s report card on Congress through the centuries. And what of our hero, college student Gregory Watson? In 2017, the University of Texas recognized his place in history by at last raising the grade on his 35-year-old essay from a C to an A.

Biography of John Riley - Saint Patricks Battalion

Biography of John Riley - Saint Patricks Battalion John Riley (Circa 1805-1850) was an Irish soldier who deserted the American army just before the outbreak of the Mexican-American War. He joined the Mexican army and founded the St. Patricks Battalion, a force made up of fellow deserters, primarily Irish and German Catholics. Riley and the others deserted because treatment of foreigners in the US army was very harsh and because they felt that their allegiance was more with Catholic Mexico than Protestant USA. Riley fought with distinction for the Mexican army and survived the war only to die in obscurity. Early Life and Military Career Riley was born in County Galway, Ireland sometime between 1805 and 1818. Ireland was a very poor country at the time and was hit hard even before the great famines began around 1845. Like many Irish, Riley made his way to Canada, where he likely served in a British army regiment. Moving to Michigan, he enlisted in the US army before the Mexican-American War. When sent to Texas, Riley deserted to Mexico on April 12, 1846, before the war officially broke out. Like other deserters, he was welcomed and invited to serve in the Legion of Foreigners which saw action in the bombardment of Fort Texas and the Battle of Resaca de la Palma. The Saint Patricks Battalion By April of 1846, Riley had been promoted to Lieutenant and had organized a unit comprised of 48 Irishmen who joined the Mexican army. More and more deserters came over from the American side and by August of 1846, he had over 200 men in his battalion. The unit was named el Batallà ³n de San Patricio, or the St. Patricks Battalion, in honor of Irelands patron saint. They marched under a green banner with an image of St. Patrick on one side and a harp and emblem of Mexico on the other. As many of them were skilled artillerymen, they were assigned as an elite artillery regiment. Why Did the San Patricios Defect? During the Mexican-American War, thousands of men deserted on both sides: conditions were harsh and more men died of illness and exposure than in combat. Life in the US army was particularly tough on Irish Catholics: they were seen as lazy, ignorant and foolish. They were given dirty and dangerous jobs and promotions were virtually non-existent. Those who joined the enemy side most likely did so because of the promises of land and money and out of loyalty to Catholicism: Mexico, like Ireland, is a Catholic nation. The St. Patrick’s Battalion was comprised of foreigners, mainly Irish Catholics. There were some German Catholics as well, and some foreigners who lived in Mexico before the war. The Saint Patricks in Action in Northern Mexico The St. Patricks Battalion saw limited action at the siege of Monterrey, as they were stationed in a massive fortress that American General Zachary Taylor decided to avoid entirely. At the Battle of Buena Vista, however, they played a major role. They were stationed alongside the main road on a plateau where the main Mexican assault took place. They won an artillery duel with an American unit and even made off with some American cannons. When Mexican defeat was imminent, they helped cover the retreat. Several San Patricios won a Cross of Honor medal for valor during the battle, including Riley, who was also promoted to captain. The San Patricios in Mexico City After the Americans opened another front, the San Patricios accompanied Mexican General Santa Anna to the east of Mexico City. They saw action at the Battle of Cerro Gordo, although their role in that battle has been largely lost to history. It was at the Battle of Chapultepec that ​they made a name for themselves. As the Americans attacked Mexico City, the Battalion was stationed at one end of a key bridge and in a nearby convent. They held the bridge and convent for hours against superior troops and weapons. When Mexicans in the convent tried to surrender, the San Patricios tore down the white flag three times. They were eventually overwhelmed once they ran out of ammunition. Most of the San Patricios were killed or captured at the Battle of Churubusco, ending its effective life as a unit, although it would re-form after the war with the survivors and last for about another year. Capture and Punishment Riley was among the 85 San Patricios captured during the battle. They were court-martialed and most of them were found guilty of desertion. Between September 10 and 13, 1847, fifty of them would be hanged in punishment for their defection to the other side. Riley, although he was the highest-profile among them, was not hanged: he had defected before the war had officially been declared, and such defection in peacetime was by definition a far less serious offense. Still, Riley, by then a major and highest ranking foreign officer of the San Patricios (the Battalion had Mexican commanding officers), was punished harshly. His head was shaved, he was given fifty lashes (witnesses say the count was botched and that Riley actually received 59), and he was branded with a D (for deserter) on his cheek. When the brand was at first put on upside down, he was re-branded on the other cheek. After that, he was thrown in a dungeon for the duration of the war, which lasted several more months. In spite of this harsh punishment, there were those in the American army who felt he should have been hanged with the others. After the war, Riley and the others were released and re-formed the St. Patricks Battalion. The unit soon became embroiled in the constant infighting among Mexican officials and Riley was briefly jailed for suspicion of participation in an uprising, but he was freed. Records indicating that a Juan Riley died on August 31, 1850, were once believed to refer to him, but new evidence indicates that this is not the case. Efforts are ongoing to determine Rileys true fate: Dr. Michael Hogan (who has written the definitive texts about the San Patricios) writes The search for the burial place of the true John Riley, Mexican major, a decorated hero, and leader of the Irish battalion, must continue. The Legacy   To Americans, Riley is a deserter and a traitor: the lowest of the low. To Mexicans, however, Riley is a great hero: a skilled soldier who followed his conscience and joined the enemy because he thought it was the right thing to do. The St. Patricks Battalion has a place of great honor in Mexican history: there are streets named for it, memorial plaques where they fought, postage stamps, etc. Riley is the name most commonly associated with the Battalion, and he has, therefore, gained extra heroic status for Mexicans, who have erected a statue of him in his birthplace of Clifden, Ireland. The Irish have returned the favor, and there is a bust of Riley now in the San Angel Plaza, courtesy of Ireland. Americans of Irish descent, who once disowned Riley and the Battalion, have warmed to them in recent years: perhaps in part due to a couple of good books that have come out recently. Also, there was a major Hollywood production in 1999 entitled One Mans Hero based (very loosely) on the life of Riley and the Battalion. Sources Hogan, Michael. The Irish Soldiers of Mexico. Paperback, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, May 25, 2011. Wheelan, Joseph. Invading Mexico: Americas Continental Dream and the Mexican War, 1846-1848. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2007.

Killer Whale (Orca) Facts

Killer Whale (Orca) Facts With their striking black and white markings and prevalence at marine parks, the killer whale, also known as the orca or Orcinus orca, is probably one of the most easily-recognized cetacean species. The largest of the dolphin species, orcas live in oceans and seas around the world and can grow to 32 feet long and weigh up to six tons. The name killer whale originated with whalers, who called the species whale killer because of its tendency to prey on whales along with other species such as pinnipeds and fish. Over time, perhaps because of the whales tenacity and ferocity in hunting, the name was switched to killer whale. Fast Facts: Killer Whales (Orcas) Scientific Name: Orcinus orcaCommon Name(s): Killer whale, orca, blackfish, grampusBasic Animal Group:  Mammal  Ã‚  Size:16–26 feetWeight: 3–6 tonsLifespan: 29–60 yearsDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat:  All oceans and most seas with a preference for northern latitudesPopulation:  50,000Conservation  Status:  Data Deficient Description Killer whales, or orcas, are the largest member of the Delphinidae- the family of cetaceans known as the dolphins. Dolphins are a type of toothed whale, and members of the Delphinidae family share several characteristics- they have cone-shaped teeth, streamlined bodies, a pronounced beak (which is less pronounced in orcas), and one blowhole, rather than the two blowholes found in baleen whales. Male killer whales can grow to a maximum length of 32 feet, while females can grow to 27 feet in length. Males weigh up to six tons while females can weigh as little as three tons. An identifying characteristic of killer whales is their tall, dark dorsal fin, which is much larger in males- a males dorsal fin can reach a height of six feet, while a females dorsal fin can reach a maximum height of about three feet. Males also have larger pectoral fins and tail flukes. All killer whales have teeth on both their top and bottom jaws- 48 to 52 teeth in total. These teeth can be up to 4 inches long. Although toothed whales have teeth, they dont chew their food- they use their teeth for capturing and tearing food. Young killers whales get their first teeth at 2 to 4 months of age. Researchers identify individual killer whales by the size and shape of their dorsal fins, the shape of the saddle-shaped, light patch behind the dorsal fin, and scars or marks on their dorsal fins or bodies. Identifying and cataloging whales based on natural markings and characteristics is a type of research called photo-identification. Photo-identification allows researchers to learn about the life histories, distribution, and behavior of individual whales, and more about species behavior and abundance as a whole.   wildestanimal/Getty Images Habitat and Range Killer whales are often described as the most cosmopolitan of all cetaceans. They can be found in all oceans of the world, and not just in the open ocean- near shore, at the entrance to rivers, in semi-enclosed seas, near the equator, and in polar regions covered with ice. In the United States, orcas are most commonly found in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. Diet Killer whales are at the top of the food chain and have very diverse diets, feasting on fish, penguins, and marine mammals such as seals, sea lions, and even whales, employing teeth that can be four inches long. They are known to grab seals right off the ice. They also eat fish, squid, and seabirds. Gerard Soury/Getty Images Behavior Killer whales may work in pods to hunt their prey and have a number of interesting techniques to hunt prey, which includes working together to create waves to wash seals off ice floes and sliding onto beaches to capture prey. Killer whales use a variety of sounds for communicating, socializing and finding prey. These sounds include clicks, pulsed calls, and whistles. Their sounds are in the range of 0.1 kHz to about 40 kHz. Clicks are primarily used for echolocation, although they may also be used for communication. The pulsed calls of killer whales sound like squeaks and squawks and appear to be used for communication and socialization. They can produce sounds very rapidly- at a rate of up to 5,000 clicks per second. You can hear killer whale calls here on the Discovery of Sound in the Sea website. Different populations of killer whales make different vocalizations, and different pods within these populations may even have their own ​dialect. Some researchers can distinguish individual pods, and even matrilines (the line of relationship that can be traced from one mother to her offspring), just by their ​calls. Danita Delimont/Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring Killer whales reproduce slowly: Mothers give birth to a single baby about every three to 10 years, and pregnancy lasts for 17 months. Babies nurse for up to two years. Adult orcas generally help mothers to care for their young. While young orcas may separate from their birth pod as adults, many stay with the same pod throughout their lives. Male and female orcas. Kerstin Meyer / Getty Images Threats Orcas, like other cetaceans, are threatened by a range of human activities including noise, hunting, and habitat disturbance. Other threats faced by killer whales include pollution (orcas can carry chemicals such as PCBs, DDTs and flame retardants that can affect the immune and reproductive systems), ship strikes, reduction of prey due to overfishing, and loss of habitat, entanglement, ship strikes, irresponsible whale watching, and noise in the habitat, which can affect the ability to communicate and find prey. Conservation Status The International Union for Conservation of Nature had, for years, described orcas a conservation dependent. They changed that assessment to data deficient in 2008 to recognize the probability that different species of killer whales experience different levels of threat. Species Killer whales were long considered one species- Orcinus orca, but now it appears that there are several species (or at least, subspecies- researchers are still figuring this out) of orcas. As researchers learn more about orcas, they have proposed separating the whales into different species or subspecies based on genetics, diet, size, vocalizations, location and physical appearance. In the Southern Hemisphere, proposed species include those referred to as Type A (Antarctic), large type B (pack ice killer whale), small Type B (Gerlache killer whale), Type C (Ross Sea killer whale), and Type D (Subantarctic killer whale). In the Northern Hemisphere, proposed types include resident killer whales, Biggs (transient) killer whales, offshore killer whales, and Type 1 and 2 Eastern North Atlantic killer whales.   Determining species of killer whales is important not only in gaining information about the whales but in protecting them- it is difficult to determine the abundance of killer whales without even knowing how many species there are. Killer Whales and Humans According to Whale and Dolphin Conservation, there were 45 killer whales in captivity as of April 2013. Due to protection in the U.S. and restrictions on trade, most parks now obtain their killer whales from captive breeding programs. This practice has even been controversial enough that SeaWorld stated in 2016 that it would stop breeding orcas.  While the viewing of captive orcas has likely inspired thousands of budding marine biologists and helped scientists learn more about the species, it is a controversial practice due to the potential effects on the whales health and ability to socialize naturally. Sources â€Å"Orcas: Killer Whales Are the Larges Dolphin Species.†Ã‚  Orcas (Killer Whales): Facts and Information, 25 Mar. 2019, www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/o/orca/.NOAA. â€Å"Killer Whale.†Ã‚  NOAA Fisheries, www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/killer-whale.â€Å"Orca.†Ã‚  National Wildlife Federation, www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Mammals/Orca.

Realationship at work 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Realationship at work 2 - Essay Example In the role play, I am the junior colleague who is talking with my Boss, who is also the EDM’s boss. My strategy had been to be assertive since I expected that my boss would be aggressive and would not understand what I had to say. I also wanted to be assertive so as to convince my boss to meet with the EDM. However, during the role play, she was quite accommodating. She let me explain everything that I needed to say and she asked the right questions. She was also confident and this helped me to remember all through the role play that I was addressing the boss. My boss was very considerate and she helped me get my point across every now and then (Scarnatti, 1998). Although she asked a lot of questions, she was not aggressive while asking them. This is the main reason that made me change my communication strategy to being less assertive. At the start of the role play, I was quite nervous since I did not know how my boss would react. This affected my confidence and my voice was low at the beginning. However, when I realized that the boss was not as aggressive as I had thought she would be, I grew more confident. I even managed to maintain good eye contact throughout the role play. Since my strategy was to use assertiveness from the beginning, I used my hands for emphasis (Armstrong, 1999). Sometimes the hands were open, sometimes closed. I felt under pressure, especially when my boss started asking me some questions and I had to give satisfactory answers. In my strategy, I had planned to control the conversation, but my boss is the one who controlled it instead. I did not ask my boss any questions, but she listened to what I had to say very actively. She even asked me for more information to solve the problem (Knapp and Vangelisti, 1992). Towards the end, I thought that my strategy was almost not working because for a few moments my boss sided with the EDM. At the end of the role play, I decided to use my strategy which involved convincing her of the

Analyze a situation in which you were faced with a moral dilemmaof Essay

Analyze a situation in which you were faced with a moral dilemmaof whether or not to obey a figure of authority or yield to group pressure - Essay Example Individuals have little or no time to make weight sides and make decisions accurately. This makes it even trickier considering that each of the options has its own results. In addition, none of the options can be referred to as illegal but rather unethical. Such dilemmas range from very simple acts such as completing an assignment or copying it from the internet to very complex situations that may involve loss of life Everyone is forced by events to make preferences or decisions on a daily basis. More often than not, such conditions may be uncomfortable or embarrassing and need complicating judgement. Such conditions usually necessitate answering the question; what is the ethically better choice? Such situations come about there being no situation that is wholly ethical in itself. Through ethical interpretation, individuals consider the possible implications and consequences of actions in response to principles or ethical dilemmas. Multiple moralities are a major issue in moral dilemmas especially because distinct to the legislature, morals are not clearly stipulated and often change depending on issues like religion and location. There are some rare cases of multiple moralities whereby individuals may be faced by ethical dilemmas due to overlap in moral believes. In such cases, it becomes even trickier since the person has to forego one or more of the choices. Multiple modalities may also come up as a result of representing people with different cultural backgrounds and thus different moralities. Such cases are difficult to resolve due to the time constraint. In the case of an ethical dilemma, an individual regards himself as having moral background to do either of the actions. Noteworthy is the fact that it is impossible to do both actions simultaneously. This further defines a moral dilemma in ethical terms. The fundamentals of a moral dilemma may include: a situation where an individual (agent) is obligated to do every one of

The Nature of Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Nature of Knowledge - Essay Example In the seventeenth century, Western scientists started deeper inquiry into earlier postulates. Thus ,it was only when Copernicus came and gave them proof that the earth goes round the sun , that the scientists' opinion changed into knowledge. America was discovered when opinion that the earth was flat, changed into knowledge that it was round, Epistemology is the study of the nature, origin and limits of human knowledge. We come to the question, "What is Knowledge" Is it something concrete or is it something abstract To define knowledge, we must study the uses of knowledge. Knowledge can be 'know him' or 'know that' or 'know how.' It is the task of philosophy to discuss this question- what is knowledge Is it intuitive or acquired through experience How is knowledge different from opinion While Plato answers the enigma of knowledge in his Republic, Aristotle refutes Plato's theories in his writings. Although Aristotle 's empirical theories have been the basis of modern science, I think that Plato is right when he says that knowledge involves true belief, since no one can know what is false. Now, the question, "What is knowledge " poses a conundrum which needs a lot of thinking. To understand the concept of knowledge, we must look at the language. Language is the medium in which a concept can be formed. By studying how the words are used, we can get a fair idea of a concept. To answer the question 'What is knowledge' , we should go to the uses of knowledge. Knowledge is 'know that', or ' know how' or ' know where'. There is an important difference between ' know that' and ' know how'. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, "'Know that 'denotes the possession of specific pieces of information , and a person who has knowledge of this sort can generally convey it to others."(p. 473) Epistemology is focused on 'knowing that'. On the other hand, 'know how' is knowledge related to a skill or ability. A person can have a knowledge of swimming and be a good swimmer , but he may not be able to convey this skill to others. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, 'know how' is a knowledge or ability, "One can have knowledge without being able to explain to other people what it is that one knows"(p. 473) Plato explains knowledge in many of his books including The Republic and the Theaetetus .His works are in the form of dialogues between the pupil and the preceptor The Republic is the most famous of his works. The Theaetetus is one of Plato's greatest works on epistemology probably written in 369 B.C. In this work which is the form of a dialogue, Plato discusses the question "What is knowledge" The question and answer exchange takes place between Socrates, the main questioner , and two of his young pupils. The key question of the dialogue is "What is knowledge" When Socrates asks this question, the pupils are bewildered. The one of them comes out with the answer that it is a knowing something such as geometry or astronomy. Socrates objects to this saying that examples are not definitions. At Socrates' prompting, the young pupil comes out with a proposal that , "Knowledge is perception". When Socrates criticizes this proposal, the pupil comes up with a second proposal that "Knowledge is true belief"., which provokes Socrates to say "What is false

With reference to the British Museum discuss whether Britains imperial Essay

With reference to the British Museum discuss whether Britains imperial legacy still has an influence on British cultural identity - Essay Example The society as a whole would start to worry about their loss of individual identity, and their emotional pursuits. Cultural identity of a legacy is a primary source for people to identify themselves with and obtain belongings. Museum has the responsibilities to protect a people’s cultural heritage through various exhibitions and collections to promote cultural identity. Based on this, this essay seeks to examine the ways British Museum prospects of Britain’s imperial legacy and its impact on the cultural identity of Britain. Museums in the simplest aspect is the result and reflection of social progress and development (Bennett, 1995 p14). The developing ideology of British Museum is to let the public become the center of museums, and let the museum become the center of the society. British Museum takes many measures and works to make it become a real physical space through imperial legacies. British Museum is one of the world’s first national museums if it is juxtaposed against the world’s three most famous museums in Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York (Smith & MacGregor, 2007 p26). British Museum was established on the basis of British political, economic and cultural progress. The collections in British Museum are the reflection of the power of Britain because most artefacts and souvenirs are housed in there. It is important to note and mention that the cultural tenets and foundations are also preserved and housed in the museum. The term culture refers to a way and lifestyle of a people. Cultural identity refers to the cultural inclination and recognition of human beings. Individuals obtain cultural identity through belonging to their cultures and cultural groups (Klanten et al., 2013 p142). Therefore, cultural identity is a social psychological process of keeping and innovating their cultural society. Cultural inclination also identify a process to construct identity

Trends in income distribution in the United States Essay

Trends in income distribution in the United States - Essay Example The higher concentration wealth to the a few people will reflect a hierarchical structured society. Moreover, a relatively sprite distribution of income among people will reflect a bigger middle class. Either two of the circumstances has an impact on the situation, conditions and perceptions of people. The first situation implies a better situation for those who are more affluent or those who are in the upper strata of society. This can also dictate an unfair playing ground between the have’s and the have not’s. The second situation entails more social equity. This means that opportunities are fair to all people regardless of their class. This will also reflect the government’s structure and the degree of welfare it provide to its citizens. It may be noted that the gap in income distribution may be a major cause of negative perceptions among Americans, which divides the country into economic lines (Allen, 2007). Scholars have studied trends in the income distribution in various industrialized countries including the United States. In the said studies, the scholars have identified a pattern in the income distribution of industrialized countries particularly in the trajectories of income distribution. The common features suggest a systematic pattern in which inequality at first increased, reached a peak, and later declined in the course of industrial development. This creates an inverted U shape figure. Further studies reflect that after the 1970s, a reversal of the first study occured (Allen, 2007). Income distribution can be gleaned through various measures such as data on household income, individual income or tax accrued to the government. Income distribution can also be studied vis-Ã  -vis other factors such as gender, regional distribution, race, etc. Each year, the U.S. Census Bureau releases data on the

Credit crunch and banking sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Credit crunch and banking sector - Essay Example Credit crunch was a strange term for people in the UK. But the phrase has become common as the extreme shortage of credit or money has caused the cost of credit to rise sharply and has led the financial world to realize the seriousness of the situation. The root cause of the credit crunch had started earlier when the US interest rates increased from 1 percent to 5.35 percent during 2004 to 2006 that created a slowdown to the housing market. This was followed by the default in mortgage payments by individuals who could barely afford the payments even when they had to pay low interest rates. The rate of default on sub prime mortgages (high risk loans) offered to customers with no or poor credit histories increased to record levels and these defaults in mortgage payment had an impact throughout the financial systems because many of the mortgages were combined and sold to investors and banks around the world (Timeline: Credit crunch to downturn 2009). Recklessness in the economy for a considerable period of time is a major factor that causes credit crunch. A period of very cheap credit, low interest rates, irresponsible lending and rise in housing prices mostly leads to a tipping point when bad debts begin to emerge and credit becomes an expensive affair and price of housing tumbles paving way for a credit crunch. Credit crunch is a negative factor for business, especially for the banking sector because it is exposed to high levels of risk with bad debts.

Trends in income distribution in the United States Essay

Trends in income distribution in the United States - Essay Example The higher concentration wealth to the a few people will reflect a hierarchical structured society. Moreover, a relatively sprite distribution of income among people will reflect a bigger middle class. Either two of the circumstances has an impact on the situation, conditions and perceptions of people. The first situation implies a better situation for those who are more affluent or those who are in the upper strata of society. This can also dictate an unfair playing ground between the have’s and the have not’s. The second situation entails more social equity. This means that opportunities are fair to all people regardless of their class. This will also reflect the government’s structure and the degree of welfare it provide to its citizens. It may be noted that the gap in income distribution may be a major cause of negative perceptions among Americans, which divides the country into economic lines (Allen, 2007). Scholars have studied trends in the income distribution in various industrialized countries including the United States. In the said studies, the scholars have identified a pattern in the income distribution of industrialized countries particularly in the trajectories of income distribution. The common features suggest a systematic pattern in which inequality at first increased, reached a peak, and later declined in the course of industrial development. This creates an inverted U shape figure. Further studies reflect that after the 1970s, a reversal of the first study occured (Allen, 2007). Income distribution can be gleaned through various measures such as data on household income, individual income or tax accrued to the government. Income distribution can also be studied vis-Ã  -vis other factors such as gender, regional distribution, race, etc. Each year, the U.S. Census Bureau releases data on the

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Summary - Essay Example Therefore a careful attempt is made by the authors to bring out all the effects that the rapid change of the family structure is making on the economy. It also states the difference between the structure of the married and the individual working class. It lays an emphasis on the role of the different genders in a family and their relationships. With the rapid change of the economy and the society there has been transformation in the role of the family members. Therefore the authors have tried to emphasize on the current change of roles in between man and woman and their implications. According to the authors, the relationship between the members of the family directly affects the market and its outcomes. The authors seem to bring clear evidence that the family as a unit is continuously aiming for maximizing their income. Taking this into consideration it can be assumed that the monetary issues are one of the prime considerations of the family members and all other goals and aims revo lve round the primary aim. Chapter four of the book, ‘‘Economics of Women, Men, and Work’ basically deals with the time allotment between the household and the labor market. The major emphasis is made on the female gender in this area. The authors have made it clear in their book that they advocate more and more female participations in the labor market. Primarily, the women are involved in the household work therefore that they do not often get time for any other job. But as the aim of the family unit, according to the authors, is maximization of income, thus the women should allocate time both for the household chores and even their career. Right allocation of time between both would not only help the women but also the family in both short and long runs. In the short run, it will help the family in maximizing their income and also in the long run these earnings will provide the women and their children a better economic viability in

Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Analysis

Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Analysis Miscommunication Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† is an intense story that depicts a couple at a crisis point in a relationship as they try to work out their problems. It is paramount that the story takes place at a train station in Spain They argue openly in public, trying to establish communication to each other’s antagonistic views on the future of their relationship should take. The story itself ends without any hint of a reasonable solution, the reader never knows how or if they manage to find prevalent ground they stand on with the problems that have surfaced. A close reading of the text reveals all kinds of delusions and misconceptions, which both distract the reader and engage in communication in the short tail. Hemingway displays a cunning theme of the inability to communicate effectively within a relationship, along with hints to a few smaller themes such as evasion of responsibility, that aid the main theme. Hemingway uses literary elements such as tone, similes, metaphors, and an abundance of symbols to convey the story. Hemingway uses tone to push the theme of communication in the story. The narrator is very controlled, giving the reader a glimpse of information outside of the conversations between the American and the girl; even among the American and the Bartender accommodating the drinks for that matter. Hemingway controls the propensity in the narrator’s way to tell what the story brings forth. Hemingway does this to allow the readers thinking to be perspicacious, but can withal make for rough reading. He uses different tones ranging from relaxing to distraught tunes in the dialog to allow the story to develop, yet, leaving the reader disoriented and left to critically think about what is being said in the story. Both the girl and the American are having a very relaxed and controlled conversation. Keep in mind that they are having this conversation in a public place that might or might not contribute to this control. Even in today’s society, talking about topics such as sexual intercourse, abortion, or relational ties, some might exercise some form of control when verbalizing about these intimate details in public. â€Å"While the two are talking, they seem to almost lose that control at points in the conversation and becomes a distraught tone, like when the woman frantically says: please, please, please, please, please, please, please stop talking(224). Later on when the American states, I might have. Just because you say I wouldnt have doesnt prove anything (224) The girl insinuates that he’s not well peregrinated enough to have visually discerned white elephants. At this point the conversation starts to lose traction and they start to lose control† of the situation. Though they are both able to get their somewhat respective stances across; neither of them are able to articulate why they feel the way they do without explanation. As a result, they both feel threatened, incriminated, and misunderstood. This transitions the tone from distraught, to a somewhat somber yet dejected tone; which is what the reader can visually perceive at the end of the story: Do you feel better? he asked. I feel fine, she said. Theres nothing wrong with me. I feel fine. (225) Since they can’t get past what they desire, to verbalize about why they desire it, there is a consummate communication breakdown. In a sense, both the girl and the American talk, but neither of them listen to each other or care to look at the problem from the other person’s point of view. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† is comprehensive of similes and metaphors because the language is throughout void of the words â€Å"abortion† and â€Å"baby† whereas thats all the characters are verbalizing of. For instance, at the station, the girl comments that the Anis Del Toro tastes like licorice, and also the man verbalizes that’s the manner with everything, to that the girl replies â€Å"Everything tastes of licorice. particularly all the items you’ve waited farewell for, like absinthe.† the American then replies, â€Å"Cut it out,†(222) Rather a full of life reaction to a seemingly innocuous comment. its potential that â€Å"absinthe† stands for one factor, to the couple that the reader is not cognizant of, but its additionally, potential that the lady is touching on but she has waited her whole life to induce maternity and have a baby but presently it has been spoiled for her by the American. Ultimately, the American’s ammunition throughout this verbal duel with the lady is that the flexibility to form the affiliation emotionally hostile to her, as proven by his reactions to her comments regarding the appearance of the hills and conjointly the indisputable fact that everything she waits for tastes like licorice. Hemingway implies the girl is additional showing emotion invested at intervals the connection that for the American is clearly for the most part regarding sex. Hemingway utilizes symbols and their meanings over the girl’s artistic ability, as she looks to look at and licitly order higher than what she has. The accepted of the hills, coveting like white elephants could also be a robust picture; a white elephant is a possession thats unutilizable or extreme, principally one thats precious to carry up or intense to kill. The hills and the mountains being printed as white elephants may move mind the image of a pregnant abdomen. The young girl is outlined as sitting on this side of the station, with its white slopes and tan (221), dry nation. This aspect shows the value of an innocent life, as associate outcome of it looks dead. On the flip side, when she stands up and peregrinates to the supplementary aspect of the station, she externally sees fields of green grass, delicious trees on the banks of the river, and also the massifs on the to date perspective the watercourse, thus representing the value of life and wanting to keep the child instead of getting an abortion. a tragic remnant of a cloud moves over the world of grain that might name the winnow she confronts, the transient pessimism in what may perhaps be associate united choose, or not turning into the premature birth. She externally sees the watercourse over the trees,(221) but, that proposes shes attending to grip the subsistence, the attrac tiveness, on the substance of it simply on the to date perspective her seizing. The station has many elements to explore. The station is Associated closely to that of Island in the middle of the ocean. It sits center of all these rail road tracks. If viewed from on prime of, the station would seem to be penned by tracks, rather sort of a baby would be contained at intervals a mother. The shade recommends an advertisement between time respites from the sun, astonishingly so much uniform to reckoning a train could also be associate alleviation from the travel. The snappiness of their conversation is on the amount, whereas others were within the bar sitting tight presumably for the train. This discriminatingly indicates that the young person is hardline. Bamboo has been nonetheless vacant, so if a cross serving of bamboo is investigated, it’s a spherical. This might encapsulate the uterus, vacuous. In spite of the means that if a string is see over bamboo, its filled, torrential unvaried to a pregnant abdomen ought to be. The wrap had Anis del Toro painted thence as embellishment, adequate, as an example, this current couples legitimacy ought to appear, by all accounts, to be expeditiously numerous to associate within the outside spectator. The wrap blows confining the table, as if it’s associate proof of the young girl of the choice she got to have an effect on. Exactly once the rule of potation are doled out on the table by the server, they are resolved to gain pads and started drinking to distract themselves from the argument. By the amount the third globe of potation is scattered, the liners are saturated. They did not block the wet from physically incoming at the table. This might be run of the mill of birth prevention floundering, but in a very venue of while not a doubt a table procuring wet, the young person becomes pregnant. As a conclusion of the birth prevention battling, the American and also the young person become into this discord in this not one or the opposite one among them will assent close-by the others membrane begin. When the quality of three rounds of potation square measure apportioned on the table by the server, they are bent on to gain pads. Being consequently sultry, the glasses sweat. They did not deflect the soaked from physically incoming at the table. This might be run of the mill of birth prevention slumping, b ut in a very zone of definitely a table obtaining wet, the young person becomes pregnant. As a consequence of the birth prevention battling, the American and also the young person become into this conflict in this not one or the opposite one among them will concur adjacent the others acknowledge starting. Hemingway uses literary devices such as tone, similes, metaphors, and symbols to approach the reader at a different approach of analyzing a story. Hemingway uses these literary devices to trick the reader into thinking about a story when the story itself is encoded to be something completely hidden from the text, which in this case the hidden conversation was about abortion. Communication is a huge part in many places ranging from workplaces and also relationships. Without communication things fail and will not progress forward. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants.† Perrine’s Story and Structure: An Introduction to Fiction. Ed. Greg Johnson and Thomas R. Arp. 14th ed. Stamford CT: Cengage 2015. 221-225 Print.

Free Essays - William Gibsons Neuromancer :: Neuromancer Essays

Neuromancer Neuromancer revolutionized the way people look at technology. Many people were scared of "cyberspace". They felt it would change the way the world was run. Some even thought that meals would begin to be served in pill form, and the world be ruled by darn dirty primates. Throughout Neuromancer we see a very vivid dystopia. We see our first sign of the dystopia in chapter one. It begins with Case, whose name fits him very appropriately. He treats his body as an object. He uses it just to log onto cyberspace. Case has been injected with a poison that keeps him from surfing through cyberspace. This has created a dystopia within Case. He used to make his living through cyberspace. He now injects himself with drugs in an attempt to try and find a cure. Another way we see the dystopia through Case is the room he lives in. They are called coffins, which is a very appropriate name. These rooms are extremely small. Another sign of dystopia is when Case goes to Japan in hopes of finding a cure on Japan's black market. They have a big supplier of organs there. This demonstrates the struggle in Japan. In Case's time there is such a high demand for organs that they will sell them illegally over the black market. The black market most of the time represents the scum of society. There crime runs rampant. People will get killed for their organs, just so someone can make a few extra dollars. The next sign of this book being a dystopia is Ratz. He is supposed to represent the experiments that society is playing on the people. His body is composed of mostly artificial goods. Gibson named him Ratz too, because he represents the "lab rat" of the book. He is supposed to represent what society will do to you if you give in to it. He has no control over what he has become, just like the little "lab rat". Another sign of dystopia is the way the computers have changed everything. The computers run people's lives in Neuromancer. It seems no matter where Case goes there is always someone watching him. Wintermute has the phones ring one time when Case walks by. This demonstrates the power that the Ai's have in Neuromancer. The artificial intelligence is another example of the dystopia in Neuromancer.

The rate of reaction of Succinate dehydrogenase :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

The rate of reaction of Succinate dehydrogenase Introduction: Enzymes are protein molecules that function as biological catalysts that can help break larger molecules into smaller molecules while remaining unchanged themselves. They speed up the chemical reactions by lowering the energy of activation barrier, are specific to one molecule. The enzyme’s specificity arises from its active site, an area with a shape corresponding to the molecule with which it reacts (the substrate). The shape of the enzyme where the chemical binds only allows the binding of that particular chemical, or inhibitor substrates that are structually similar to the substrate, competing for the active site. The enzyme and the substrate slot together (like a key for a lock, or by induced fit) forming an enzyme–substrate complex that allows the reaction to take place. An enzymes activity is affected by its environment. Each enzyme has a temperature and pH level at which its activity is greatest and the reaction it catalyses proceeds at its fastest rate. The rate of enzyme-catalysed reactions increases as the temperature and pH balances approach its optimum level. At higher or lower temperatures and pH balances, the enzyme molecules become damaged or 'denatured'. They cannot catalyse the reaction very well, if at all, and the damage is usually permanent (Campbell, et al, 2006). The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of reaction of succinate dehydrogenase, an enzyme extracted from chicken hearts. The rate of reaction was analysed considering two factors: pH and temperature. The ability for the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase to oxidise two alternative substrates (malonate and propionate) will also be examined. Materials and Method Part 1. Effect of pH on enzyme activity Blender 50 grams of fresh chicken hearts - 2 days old purchased from local butcher: Rays meats Sorrento. Chicken hearts were kept in fridge until prepared the evening of purchase. 3 test tubes Distilled water 0.2M Na2HPO4 with 100ml distilled water (solution 1) 0.2M NaH2PO4 with 100ml distilled water (solution 2) 0.1M succinate with 100ml distilled water 0.0003 M DPIP with 100ml distilled water BUFFERS pH 5 buffer – 1ml solution 1 to 49ml of solution 2, mix – add 50 ml distilled water pH 7.3 buffer – 75ml solution 1 to 25ml solution 2, mix – add 100ml distilled water pH 9 buffer - 10ml solution 1 to 10ml distilled water Stopwatch Enzyme preparation: (Wright, 2005) Chicken hearts were prepared according to notes in Lab (Wright 2005). This liquid formed the enzyme. A rack containing 3 test tubes were arranged containing: tube 1 – 5.8 ml pH5 buffer 1 ml 0.1M succinate .2 ml enzyme tube 2. - 5.8 ml pH7.3 buffer 1 ml 0.1M succinate .2 ml enzyme tube 3. - 5.8 ml pH9 buffer 1 ml 0.

Internet and Teenagers

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF E-LEARNING THROUGH INTERNET SERVICE FOR TEENAGERS Historically, the world centuries sustained a very hard time due to conservatism and backwardness of the people. No such sophisticated technology tools for assisting human’s tasks. Communication was also very hard to reach at that time due to the limitation of technological media devices. Literally the civilization had undergone a substantial movement toward the human resource development. People began doing experiments and creating some opuses to help their job.Eventually, the world societies today have succeeded to invent a useful technology tools to represent and ease human’s activities in the 21st centuries. So does Indonesia, we finally also could achieve the benefit of its advantages and wake up from any restrictiveness. Beforehand, while Ki Hadjar Dewantara, the first minister of education in Indonesia, built education facilities for Indonesian society establishment. However, learning was not effective. Learning might just learn about history and uncertain knowledge. At that moment, the media experienced retardation, even not all.Indonesia was very slowly and vulnerably running for education quality standard because the lack of resources at almost all aspects in the country. In addition the people should move to overseas countries to seek more knowledge and experience. It was different from the presence, we can know starting education since early age to university level and the system has been upgraded and standardized. One very good and simple example of Technology developments that is Internet which in the same time it also produces a more sophisticated system for education world like we call E-learning.E-Learning is the learning process through multimedia based-class. Its process is completed with sophisticated electronic devices to support Teaching Learning Process. As the result of E-Learning and Multimedia Based-Class, we will understand more broadly about the less on and science through supporting media. E-learning is not applied by using computer, television or LCD Projector only, further, we can also operate it by internet services to find broader and wider information online, news or science.In the system of E-Learning through Internet Services both tecaher and students will be possibly integrated one another so that Learning Process must be more effective and efficient. Beyond that, there are two benefits at least of E-learning those are: 1)It can bring benefits for students. They will be easier to find a wider knowledge through the internet services; they can also consult with teacher about lesson or homework online with Long Distance Learning (LDL) system. 2)It also brings benefit for teacher.The teachers will be easier to update and browse the new materials for teaching and get easier to find other data source by Internet Utilization. In particular, the implementation of E-Learning system can enhance and escalate gradually the school s ocieties as consequence the school achievement might be visible and obtained. As a matter of fact that nowadays internet also has negative impact towards teenagers. Many people tend to blame the media on social morality disorder.Mostly people assume internet service can bring much harm to the youth, because in fact today many kids misuse the media for bad things such as watching blue movies, browsing porno pictures and dating-courtship. Therefore, in this case, parent’s and teachers’ role is necessary to control the Internet Use. We cannot possibly blame the media, because the media only useful objects as supporting system to accomplish people’s tasks, to help learning process and to discover new information.Eventually, hoping government may help people to support society’s education and to implement E-learning through Internet Services as Long Distance Learning System at school is one good thing to do as a resident. Education budget should be increased i n order that Indonesian young generations are not away behind from developed countries human resources. In summary, E-learning is Online Long Distance Learning used to support Teaching Leaning Process at Classroom. E-learning makes teaching learning process work more effective and efficient to create a better and modern Teching Learning Design. Internet and Teenagers THE EFFECTIVENESS OF E-LEARNING THROUGH INTERNET SERVICE FOR TEENAGERS Historically, the world centuries sustained a very hard time due to conservatism and backwardness of the people. No such sophisticated technology tools for assisting human’s tasks. Communication was also very hard to reach at that time due to the limitation of technological media devices. Literally the civilization had undergone a substantial movement toward the human resource development. People began doing experiments and creating some opuses to help their job.Eventually, the world societies today have succeeded to invent a useful technology tools to represent and ease human’s activities in the 21st centuries. So does Indonesia, we finally also could achieve the benefit of its advantages and wake up from any restrictiveness. Beforehand, while Ki Hadjar Dewantara, the first minister of education in Indonesia, built education facilities for Indonesian society establishment. However, learning was not effective. Learning might just learn about history and uncertain knowledge. At that moment, the media experienced retardation, even not all.Indonesia was very slowly and vulnerably running for education quality standard because the lack of resources at almost all aspects in the country. In addition the people should move to overseas countries to seek more knowledge and experience. It was different from the presence, we can know starting education since early age to university level and the system has been upgraded and standardized. One very good and simple example of Technology developments that is Internet which in the same time it also produces a more sophisticated system for education world like we call E-learning.E-Learning is the learning process through multimedia based-class. Its process is completed with sophisticated electronic devices to support Teaching Learning Process. As the result of E-Learning and Multimedia Based-Class, we will understand more broadly about the less on and science through supporting media. E-learning is not applied by using computer, television or LCD Projector only, further, we can also operate it by internet services to find broader and wider information online, news or science.In the system of E-Learning through Internet Services both tecaher and students will be possibly integrated one another so that Learning Process must be more effective and efficient. Beyond that, there are two benefits at least of E-learning those are: 1)It can bring benefits for students. They will be easier to find a wider knowledge through the internet services; they can also consult with teacher about lesson or homework online with Long Distance Learning (LDL) system. 2)It also brings benefit for teacher.The teachers will be easier to update and browse the new materials for teaching and get easier to find other data source by Internet Utilization. In particular, the implementation of E-Learning system can enhance and escalate gradually the school s ocieties as consequence the school achievement might be visible and obtained. As a matter of fact that nowadays internet also has negative impact towards teenagers. Many people tend to blame the media on social morality disorder.Mostly people assume internet service can bring much harm to the youth, because in fact today many kids misuse the media for bad things such as watching blue movies, browsing porno pictures and dating-courtship. Therefore, in this case, parent’s and teachers’ role is necessary to control the Internet Use. We cannot possibly blame the media, because the media only useful objects as supporting system to accomplish people’s tasks, to help learning process and to discover new information.Eventually, hoping government may help people to support society’s education and to implement E-learning through Internet Services as Long Distance Learning System at school is one good thing to do as a resident. Education budget should be increased i n order that Indonesian young generations are not away behind from developed countries human resources. In summary, E-learning is Online Long Distance Learning used to support Teaching Leaning Process at Classroom. E-learning makes teaching learning process work more effective and efficient to create a better and modern Teching Learning Design.

The Online Therapy Sites Health And Social Care Essay

This paper discusses about on-line therapy sites and the types of three on-line therapy sites. It besides inside informations the content of each online sites and the engagement of professionals. This paper examines the interaction of existent online sites and besides addresses how the professional associations and province regulative boards positions online therapy. It explains the relevant security issues and ethical issues such as consent and confidentiality that are included in on-line therapy sites. This paper besides evaluates the advantages and the disadvantages of on-line therapy sites. It besides concludes with this paper by supplying indispensable construct that is supported to the on-line therapy sites. Online Therapy Sites The on-line therapy was besides known as E-therapy, E-counseling and cyber-therapy and this on-line therapy provided the psychological advice and support over the cyberspace. The psychological advice and other elements could be occurred through E-mail, online confab, cyberspace phone every bit good as picture conferencing. The on-line therapy occurred in existent clip including time-delayed format and E-mail messages etc. The on-line therapy can non be assumed psychotherapeutics and it will be ne'er replaced traditional therapy. The on-line therapy had the restrictions and but it was going a important resource to turn figure of consumers. The on-line therapy included the E-mail, existent clip confab, picture conferencing, instant messaging every bit good as cyberspace phone.Three online sitesThe online sites utilized the convenience of cyberspace that provided communicating among an person and a professional. The on-line therapy helped the person with the job declaration, to better t he temper and increased the self-pride and the dawn guidance site provided the on-line guidance for persons that were fighting with relationships, anxiousness, depression every bit good as loss of way. The dawn guidance site was contributed more to the professional and personal life of human being. The dawn therapy was non appropriate for everyone and but it had shown effectiveness in several state of affairss. The professional associations and regulative boards viewed this on-line therapy efficaciously for the life of human being. In professional life, people could acquire more benefits from this dawn online site. This on-line therapy site contributed into the educational services besides ( Kate Anthony, 2010 ) . The 2nd online therapy was the unrecorded counsellor site that offered the chart room apparatus for users. This on-line therapy was the celebrated the therapy site that was holding 200 healers, counsellors every bit good as societal workers presented for the better part for personal every bit good as professional life of human being. This counsellor allowed the clients to seek for a healer by any influence in order to making the inventions. This on-line site offered aid with crisis or physical conditions, parenting, personal development, relationships every bit good as emotional upsets. The unrecorded counsellor therapy site did n't necessitate any assignment and besides the clients may subscribe in anytime by the aid of their on-line service suppliers. This on-line site was besides allowed the people in order to posting their profile into therapy sites. Hence the professional associations and province regulative services viewed this online therapy better. The 3rd on-line site was serenity on-line therapy that offered therapy via e-mail apparatus to users. This was besides the popular site in supplying the better inventions to human being and the part of this site to people was effectual. This on-line therapy web site contributed to the mental wellness attention services. This site besides faced many issues including dependence, heartache and loss, childhood injury every bit good as affaire d'honneur diagnosing. In this instance, the province counsellor board application procedure and process had been established by Torahs. This on-line therapy site proposed the engineering and scientific discipline security in order to better the ethical issues. This therapy site besides empowered and enabled the clients to do an informed determination for engaging the peculiar professional. These three therapy sites were besides used to happen the troubles in society factors and used to decide the job of society ( Foojan Zeine, 2005 ) .Security and e thical issues. The on-line therapy was non involved real-world interactions with clients and some ethical concerns were more complicated. The on-line therapy obtained the informed consent from all E-clients and the informed consent was the legal process in order to guarantee the hazards and costs in a intervention. The informed consent besides included the nature of intervention, alternate interventions, and benefits of interventions every bit good as possible hazards. The informed consent was considered for doing the better result to the clients and the informed consent must be given voluntarily to the clients. The confidentiality was the ethical every bit good as the security issue and the concern of confidentiality in on-line therapy was the protection of client information. The use of electronic communicating was used in order to protect the information of clients. The medical records of patients were stored in on-line therapy sites that were protected by therapy sites. The premise of privateness of personal information based upon the on-line therapy in protecting the information of patients. The possible online therapy utilized to procure the privateness of medical records. The effectual protection could be made by doing the better E-books for patients. The legal responsibility to warm was besides the legal issues for protecting the information. The legal responsibility to warm was besides established in order to extenuate the jobs of clients. The responsibility to warm was the better protection tool but it was hard to implementing and this responsibility to warm included the reappraisal of old records that might see a history of violent behaviour. This legal issue was given the rights to the counsellor and healer in order to transgress confidentiality when clients pose a hazard to other individual.Advantages of on-line therapy sitesThe on-line therapy was holding many advantages and disadvantages to the patients including the protection of personal every bit good as patients ‘ information. The on-line therapy offered the better accessing methods top mental wellness information to the people in rural every bit good as distant entree. The online therapy besides provided the handiness to the persons who were housebound. The on-line therapy was more contributed to the patients in the instance of their personal every bit good as professional life and this therapy sites were usually low-cost every bit good as convenient. The online sites made mental wellness information more accessible to clients and the people could experience more comfy in discoursing about mental wellness concerns. The on-line therapy site was an of import tool for assisting people to larn approximately psychological wellness ( Kimberly S.Young, 2010 ) .Disadvantages of online therapyThe on-line therapy was used in many ways to people and but at the average clip it was holding some disadvantages. The on-line therapy could n't be covered the insurance policies that ‘s why this was the drawback to patients. The on-line therapy sites concerned about undependable engineering and the healer could n't react to crisis state of affairss. These sites were non appropriate with the serious psychiatric unwellness. The E-therapy was non appropriate for people with elaborate jobs and the range of on-line therapy ‘s aid was limited. In many instances, the on-line healer could non see facial looks every bit good as organic structure linguistic communications. The ethical and legal guidelines could be hard in order to implementing into the on-line therapy due to the planetary and anon. nature of the cyberspace and the ethical codifications were besides hard for implementing.DecisionThe on-line therapy sites and the constructs of on-line therapy sites were discussed. The content of each site and the engagement of professionals of each online therapy sites were besides included. The interaction of three online sites was explained. The engagement of professional associations every bit good as regulative boards on the E-therapy sites was detailed. The ethical and legal issues of on-line therapy sites were examined and the advantages every bit good as disadvantages of on-line therapy sites were co ncluded.

Coffee Supply Chain

Since 2000 Germany has increased their import every year, going from under 14,000,000 bags to Just over 20,000,000 bags in 2011. Japan has stayed near 7,000,000 bags of imported coffee the past ten years. France has maintained 7,000,000 bags of coffee as well. Italy became he third largest imported of coffee by increasing its demand from 6,000,000 bags to 8,000,000 bags a year over the past ten years. (Reference 1 1) 2013 has already shown to be a peculiar year for coffee import and exports.There has been a 60% decrease in Arabica coffee futures from the 2011 price. The 2011 price was a 14 year high for the coffee. This drop in price has resulted the cost of production to surpass the current market price. Brazil and Colombia have some of the lowest costs in production, 126 cents and 160 cents respectively, yet both countries cost of production have surpassed the market price. As of June 23rd the Lully contract price for a pound of coffee was 116. 9 cents. This has caused a lot of pro blems for coffee growers.As a result of this the Brazilian government has stepped in to make an effort to help support the coffee industry of Brazil. In June Brazil granted the coffee industry a 1. 46 billion us dollar credit line. This credit line will cover the cost of storing the coffee, help buy coffee from growers as well as other expenses of the coffee industry. The government is hoping to avoid diving coffee prices even lower as a result of coffee growers continuing to sell their excess harvest. Reference 12) The large drop in coffee prices has been great for companies.Shipments of coffee in the first half are up 20% from last year numbers. This increase in savings has translated to the largest coffee stockpiles since 2007. Cutbacks stated April 25th that their latest quarter, ending April 31st, saw an increase in operating profit go from 13. 5% to 15. 3% which was due in large part to the decrease in coffee prices. Companies are also lowering prices of coffee; Cutbacks decre ased certain prices of coffee by 10%, Dunking Donuts by 6% and Kraft by 6% as well. (Reference 13)

Analyies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyies - Essay Example As a result, the price begins to fall. As such, this paper seeks to illustrate how these macroeconomic forces are applied to world markets through an analysis of a recent article about world oil demand. Oil is a commodity that drives the economy in every country and for this reason, it is in demand across the whole globe. According to International Energy Agency (2015), â€Å"The price of oil continued to collapse into January as rising supplies collided with weak demand growth and OPEC maintained its commitment to not cut production. Brent crude futures last traded at $48.40/bbl, near a six-year low.† the problem is heightened by weak macroeconomic forces that continue to restrain global oil demand according to the energy agency. The graph below illustrates the trend in oil demand across the globe. It can be observed that the supply of this precious commodity is higher than the actual demand. Given such a scenario, it can also be noted that the price of this commodity begins to fall. The law of demand and supply applies in every market economy. There are quite a number of macroeconomic forces that come into play in as far as the price of a particular commodity is concerned. For instance, it the consumers have enough disposable income, it means that the price of the commodity is likely to decrease. On the other hand, more supply of the commodity than what is actually demanded in the market entails that the product price will also decline. Many countries across the globe are slashing the prices of fuel because of the fact that oil prices are falling on the world market. Given such as situation, it can be observed that countries in different parts of the globe a compelled to respond according to the macroeconomic conditions obtaining on the ground. In the same vein, when the supply of oil declines, the price of the commodity increases. As discussed above, it can be seen that the price of a certain

Immigration Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Immigration Debate - Essay Example This essay Immigration Debate discusses the issues of illegal immigrants and the corresponding US laws. Traditionally, immigrants to the U.S. were less likely than those born in America to collect welfare. This historic arrangement has radically changed over the past three decades. Today, immigrant families are at least 50 percent more likely to receive federal benefits than those born in this country. Additionally, immigrants are more likely to adapt their lives to rely on the welfare system and studies have shown the longer immi ¬grants stay in the U.S., the more likely they are to be on welfare. To further aggravate the situation, when an illegal immigrant becomes a citizen, he can legally bring his parents who also have the right to become citi ¬zens. Approximately half of current illegal immigrants do not possess a high-school level education. Welfare use among this group and for low-skill immigrants granted amnesty is three times the rate for the U.S. born citizens. The hea ted rhetoric of the immigration debate has caused many to become fearful that their standard of life will dramatically decrease if the estimated 12 million illegal immigrants are permitted to stay in the country, so much so that there is a growing movement to disallow citizen status to the children of illegal immigrants born in the U.S. The 14th Amendment addresses this issue. â€Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside†.